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The phrase Gross National Happiness (GNH); Wylie: ''gyal-yong ga'a-kyid pal-'dzoms'') is a phrase coined in 1972 by Bhutan's fourth Dragon King, Jigme Singye Wangchuck. It represents a commitment to building an economy that would serve Bhutan's culture based on Buddhist spiritual values instead of western material development gauged by gross domestic product (GDP).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Policy Innovations - Redefining Progress )〕 ==Origins and meaning== The GNH concept has inspired a modern political happiness movement. Through the contribution of several western and eastern scholars, economists and politicians, the concept evolved into a socioeconomic development model. In July 2011, the United Nations passed Resolution 65/309, that was adopted unanimously by the General Assembly in July 2011, placing "happiness" on the global development agenda.〔(The U.N. Happiness Project - New York Times )〕 The four pillars of GNH philosophy are: * Sustainable development * Preservation and promotion of cultural values * Conservation of the natural environment, and * Establishment of good governance. The GNH concept evolved through the contribution of international of scholars and researchers to become a socioeconomic development framework. The GNH policy now serves as a unifying vision for Bhutan's five-year planning process and all the derived planning documents that guide the economic and development plans of the country. Proposed policies in Bhutan must pass a GNH review based on a GNH impact statement that is similar in nature to the Environmental Impact Statement required for development in the U.S. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「gross national happiness」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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